Year: 2026 | Month: July | Volume: 13 | Issue: 7 | Pages: 458-470
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20260747
Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections: The Growing Importance of Uropathogens That Produce ESBL
Aayushi Kaushik1, Deepanshu Rawat2
1,2Faculty of paramedical and allied health sciences
Motherhood University Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India (247661)
Corresponding Author: Aayushi Kaushik
ABSTRACT
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial illnesses globally and pose a considerable public health concern due to their frequency, recurrence, and growing correlation with antibiotic resistance. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) mostly result from Escherichia coli; however, their management has become more challenging owing to the emergence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) manufacturers. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that diminish the effectiveness of standard antimicrobial agents by hydrolysing a wide array of β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams. The two most common bacteria found to produce ESBL are KlΕΒsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. However, reports of it in other uropathogens such Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter cloaca are growing. Due to the presence of resistance determinants for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, these organisms often exhibit multidrug resistance. The taxonomy and mechanisms of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), the most common uropathogens that produce ESBLs, laboratory detection methods, diagnostic issues, and the epidemiology and risk factors of UTIs are all explained in this paper. Effective infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, and the creation of more effective treatment plans for multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections all depend on an understanding of the transmission and resistance mechanisms of ESBL-producing bacteria.
Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Phenotypic Detection, Whole Genome Sequencing, Uropathogens.
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