Year: 2026 | Month: April | Volume: 13 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 678-696
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20260469
Industrial Symbiosis and Eco-Industrial Parks in the Era of ESG and Decarbonization: Assessment Methods, Regional Scaling, and Sectoral Evidence from 2000-2026
Nasruddin1, Weni J.A. Musa2, Marike Mahmud3
1Doctoral Program in Environmental Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia
2,3Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Nasruddin
ABSTRACT
Industrial symbiosis (IS) and eco-industrial parks (EIPs) have evolved from descriptive accounts of by-product exchange into a more demanding field centered on quantified performance, regional coordination, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) accountability. Building on the attached review base and newly added abstract corpus, this article synthesizes the field using only the provided materials, spanning foundational conceptual studies, bibliometric and systematic reviews, case-based life cycle assessment (LCA), hybrid and consequential models, network and regional planning studies, and recent work on uncertainty, optimization, and ESG-oriented decision support. Three findings dominate. First, evidence for environmental improvement is strong, but its magnitude depends on baselines, allocation, transport, substitution, and market assumptions. Second, the field is moving from isolated exchange evaluation toward multi-level assessment linking firm, flow, park, and regional outcomes. Third, the newest studies show that future EIPs will be judged not only by waste diversion and carbon savings, but also by resilience, governance quality, welfare, community legitimacy, and transparent investment prioritization. The review therefore proposes an updated framework connecting industrial ecology metrics with regional transition management and ESG governance, and argues that future research should focus less on whether symbiosis can work and more on when, for whom, at what scale, and under which governance arrangements it remains environmentally robust, socially legitimate, and economically actionable.
Keywords: industrial symbiosis; eco-industrial parks; life cycle assessment; ESG; circular economy; decarbonization; regional industrial networks
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