Year: 2026 | Month: April | Volume: 13 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 583-601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20260461
Ethics, Governance, and Adaptive Management of Mangrove Social-Ecological Systems: An Updated Integrative Review of Conservation, Restoration, Monitoring, and Coastal Livelihoods
Titi Hawanda Metania Cono1, Abdul Haris Panai2, Sukirman Rahim3, Marini Susanti Hamidun4
1Doctoral Program in Environmental Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia
2,3,4Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Titi Hawanda Metania Cono
ABSTRACT
Mangrove scholarship has shifted from documenting ecosystem loss to analyzing how conservation, restoration, law, livelihoods, and climate policy interact within social-ecological systems. Drawing only on the extracted studies supplied in the attached files, this review updates the prior literature base by synthesizing recent advances in governance, ethics, blue carbon, restoration ecology, and monitoring innovation. Across the reviewed evidence, mangroves are consistently shown to provide biodiversity support, fisheries habitat, coastal protection, carbon storage, and livelihood opportunities, yet outcomes remain uneven because ecological interventions are often separated from tenure security, local participation, hydrological diagnosis, and policy coordination [1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9]. Recent studies further show that the effectiveness of legal protection and protected areas depends on implementation quality, cross-sectoral alignment, and fair engagement with local communities rather than on formal designation alone [5, 6, 11, 12, 51]. Restoration evidence indicates that success depends less on planting numbers than on matching species, hydrology, geomorphology, and social incentives to site conditions [15, 16, 22, 27, 35, 36, 37]. At the same time, remote sensing, UAV photogrammetry, machine learning, phenocams, and spatial prioritization frameworks are strengthening the evidence base for condition assessment and restoration targeting [27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 42]. This review argues that future mangrove management must be ethically grounded, ecologically site-specific, and institutionally accountable. Durable mangrove futures will depend on integrating restoration quality, livelihood justice, blue carbon policy, and transparent monitoring within a single adaptive governance framework.
Keywords: mangrove ethics; mangrove governance; blue carbon; restoration; remote sensing; community-based management; coastal resilience
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