Year: 2026 | Month: October | Volume: 13 | Issue: 10 | Pages: 150-166
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20261014
Bioaccumulation and Oxidative Stress in Freshwater Bivalve Lamellidens marginalis Exposed to Lambda-Cyhalothrin and Imidacloprid: A Critical Review
Poonam Ahire1, Anil Kurhe1
1Department of Zoology, P. V. P. College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Loni (kd)- 413713, Tal -Rahata, Dist. Ahilyanagar.
Corresponding Author: Anil Kurhe
ABSTRACT
Freshwater bivalves can integrate contaminant exposure across water, suspended particles and food, making them useful organisms for investigating pesticide effects. This critical narrative review examines bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in Lamellidens marginalis exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid, while explicitly separating species-specific observations from evidence in other molluscs. Targeted literature searches, completed on 9 October 2026, prioritised primary studies and official testing documents. The two insecticides present contrasting exposure challenges: lambda-cyhalothrin is strongly lipophilic and poorly water-soluble, whereas imidacloprid is substantially more water-soluble and can undergo uptake, metabolism and elimination despite its lower lipid affinity. Available direct studies in L. marginalis indicate disturbance of protein and ascorbate pools following lambda-cyhalothrin exposure, and lipid peroxidation and tissue injury following imidacloprid exposure. However, these studies do not establish chemically measured tissue burdens or species-specific bioconcentration factors. An unresolved exposure-concentration discrepancy also limits quantitative interpretation of one imidacloprid study. Research in other freshwater mussels and marine bivalves supports tissue- and time-dependent antioxidant responses, behavioural disruption and, for imidacloprid in oysters, measurable uptake and depuration. Such findings strengthen biological plausibility but cannot substitute for toxicokinetic measurements in L. marginalis. The most defensible future approach combines verified water and tissue concentrations, parent-compound and metabolite analysis, antioxidant and oxidative-damage endpoints, histopathology, functional performance and recovery observations. Binary-mixture effects require explicit concentration-addition or independent-action comparisons rather than inference from larger responses alone. The review concludes that oxidative injury is better supported than quantitative bioaccumulation for the target species–pesticide combinations, and identifies the measurements needed to connect external exposure, internal dose and ecologically meaningful harm.
Keywords: Lamellidens marginalis; lambda-cyhalothrin; imidacloprid; bioaccumulation; oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation; freshwater mussels; pesticide mixtures.
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