Original Research Article
Year: 2023 | Month: May | Volume: 10 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 547-552
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230564
Green Tea Kombucha Prevents Increased Malondialdehyde and Decreased Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) in Male Rats Exposed to Nicotine E-Cigarette Vapor
Agnes Lindrasari Jonathan1, I Putu Eka Widyadharma2, I Gusti Ayu Artini3, Luh Putu Ratna Sundari4, Ni Made Linawati5, I Gusti Made Gde Surya Candra Trapika6
1Master Program in Biomedical Science, Anti-Aging Medicine Concentration, 2Department of Neurology,
3,6Department of Pharmacology, 4Department of Physiology, 5Department of Histology
Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Agnes Lindrasari Jonathan
ABSTRACT
Background. Increased ROS accumulates oxidative stress which can be measured by increasing Malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing eNOS level. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) kombucha contains antioxidants, especially polyphenols that reduce ROS and prevent endothelial damage. This study aimed to determine the benefits of green tea kombucha in preventing increasing MDA and decreasing eNOS in male Wistar rats exposed to nicotine electric cigarette vapor.
Methods. A randomized pretest-posttest control group study was conducted in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 2-3 months, weighing 150-200 grams. Thirty-five rats were randomly divided into negative, control, and three treatment groups that were given 0.5ml, 1 ml and 2 ml of green tea kombucha (1 hour before exposure to cigarette vapors). Before treatment, MDA and eNOS level were measured. After 14 days, posttest MDA and eNOS were tested and a comparative analysis were performed.
Results. Pre-post MDA levels showed significant differences (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the results of eNOS comparative test showed the average in the posttest group had a significant difference (p<0.05). Post Hoc test analysis showed treatment group 1 and 2 had significantly different mean eNOS levels compared to the control group (p<0.05), indicating 1ml green tea kombucha prevents increasing MDA levels and 0.5 and 1 ml prevents decreasing eNOS in male Wistar rats exposed to nicotine electric cigarette vapor.
Conclusions. Administration of green tea kombucha prevents an increase in MDA and decrease in eNOS in male Wistar rats exposed to nicotine e-cigarette vapor.
Keywords: Camellia sinensis, Kombucha, eNOS, Malondialdehyde, electric cigarette.
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